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Error: #f88
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ol ol ol {list-style-type:lower-roman;}
ol ol ol ol {list-style-type:decimal;}
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ol ol ol ol ol ol {list-style-type:lower-roman;}
ol ol ol ol ol ol ol {list-style-type:decimal;}

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code.escaped {white-space:nowrap;}

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/* the 'a' is required for IE, otherwise it renders the whole tiddler in bold */
a.tiddlyLinkNonExisting.shadow {font-weight:bold;}

#mainMenu .tiddlyLinkExisting,
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#sidebarTabs .tiddlyLinkExisting {font-weight:bold; font-style:normal;}

.header {position:relative;}
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.zoomer div {padding:1em;}

* html #backstage {width:99%;}
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/***
StyleSheet for use when a translation requires any css style changes.
This StyleSheet can be used directly by languages such as Chinese, Japanese and Korean which need larger font sizes.
***/
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#sidebarOptions a {font-style:normal;}
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/*{{{*/
@media print {
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#displayArea {margin: 1em 1em 0em 1em;}
/* Fixes a feature in Firefox 1.5.0.2 where print preview displays the noscript content */
noscript {display:none;}
}
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<!--{{{-->
<div class='header' macro='gradient vert [[ColorPalette::PrimaryLight]] [[ColorPalette::PrimaryMid]]'>
<div class='headerShadow'>
<span class='siteTitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteTitle'></span>&nbsp;
<span class='siteSubtitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteSubtitle'></span>
</div>
<div class='headerForeground'>
<span class='siteTitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteTitle'></span>&nbsp;
<span class='siteSubtitle' refresh='content' tiddler='SiteSubtitle'></span>
</div>
</div>
<div id='mainMenu' refresh='content' tiddler='MainMenu'></div>
<div id='sidebar'>
<div id='sidebarOptions' refresh='content' tiddler='SideBarOptions'></div>
<div id='sidebarTabs' refresh='content' force='true' tiddler='SideBarTabs'></div>
</div>
<div id='displayArea'>
<div id='messageArea'></div>
<div id='tiddlerDisplay'></div>
</div>
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<!--{{{-->
<div class='toolbar' macro='toolbar [[ToolbarCommands::ViewToolbar]]'></div>
<div class='title' macro='view title'></div>
<div class='subtitle'><span macro='view modifier link'></span>, <span macro='view modified date'></span> (<span macro='message views.wikified.createdPrompt'></span> <span macro='view created date'></span>)</div>
<div class='tagging' macro='tagging'></div>
<div class='tagged' macro='tags'></div>
<div class='viewer' macro='view text wikified'></div>
<div class='tagClear'></div>
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<!--{{{-->
<div class='toolbar' macro='toolbar [[ToolbarCommands::EditToolbar]]'></div>
<div class='title' macro='view title'></div>
<div class='editor' macro='edit title'></div>
<div macro='annotations'></div>
<div class='editor' macro='edit text'></div>
<div class='editor' macro='edit tags'></div><div class='editorFooter'><span macro='message views.editor.tagPrompt'></span><span macro='tagChooser'></span></div>
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To get started with this blank TiddlyWiki, you'll need to modify the following tiddlers:
* SiteTitle & SiteSubtitle: The title and subtitle of the site, as shown above (after saving, they will also appear in the browser title bar)
* MainMenu: The menu (usually on the left)
* DefaultTiddlers: Contains the names of the tiddlers that you want to appear when the TiddlyWiki is opened
You'll also need to enter your username for signing your edits: <<option txtUserName>>
These InterfaceOptions for customising TiddlyWiki are saved in your browser

Your username for signing your edits. Write it as a WikiWord (eg JoeBloggs)

<<option txtUserName>>
<<option chkSaveBackups>> SaveBackups
<<option chkAutoSave>> AutoSave
<<option chkRegExpSearch>> RegExpSearch
<<option chkCaseSensitiveSearch>> CaseSensitiveSearch
<<option chkAnimate>> EnableAnimations

----
Also see AdvancedOptions
<<importTiddlers>>
[[Disappearances/Lost at Sea]]
*[[1976|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976#June]]
*[[top songs of 1976|http://www.alaskajim.com/charts/yearlysingles/1976.asp]]
*[[popular songs and trivia of 1976|http://www.popculturemadness.com/Music/Pop-Modern/1976.html]]
"Once he'd gone past the point of no return, there was no going back."  
(commentator, BBC1)
See: 
*[[Herbs]]
*[[stillroom]] for discussion on stills, alembics & retorts
*[[Amish embrace solar power|http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10506342]]
Type the text for 'Anglo-Saxons'
Balneology means the study of...  baths.
 
[[Herbal Court Customs|http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/Herbal_Court_Customs.html]]
includes a section on scented baths (Medieval)

[[A Short History of Bathing Before 1601|http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/baths.html]]
excellent bibliography (Medieval and Ancient)

[[Roman Baths at Bath|http://www.romanbaths.co.uk/index.cfm?UUID=F3CE0B2E-D394-49A3-BEBB4ADEC196FA7F]]
*[[More Roman Baths|http://www.romanbaths.co.uk/index.cfm?UUID=7555EC33-F1F6-A110-4D860A15D98EA1EC]]


[[ L'histoire tumultueuse du château des Baux|http://www.casteland.com/pfr/chateau/paca/brhone/baux/baux_hist.htm#]]
!!Setting
!!!Thornfield
[[Norton Conyers (model for Thornfield)|http://photos1.blogger.com/photoInclude/img/56/1514/640/3.1.jpg]] (picture)
[[Norton Conyers Site|http://www.touruk.co.uk/houses/houseyorkshire_nortonconyers.htm]]
[[The Hidden Staircase|http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2004/dec/04/books.booksnews]]
[[Corner view of Norton Conyers|http://www.donowdo.com/articles/Charlotte-Brontes-Inspiration.htm]]

!!Books Read
!!!Understanding Jane Eyre: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources and Historical Documents.  Debra Teachman.  Greenwood Press: Westport, CT, 2001.
A fantastic list of sources, with excerpts.
*Advice to Governesses, Anon, 1827: "A realistic picture of the life a governess must expect, along with many suggestions on how she might manage to live a life of such restriction and deprivation..."
!!!Love's Madness: medicine, the novel and female insanity, 1800-1865. Helen Small.
A dense literary analysis, with a chapter that focuses somewhat on sanity in Jane Eyre.
[[History of Chess Pieces|http://library.thinkquest.org/C001348/international/pieces/his_pieces_en.html]]

This page is hard to load, so I'll put the relevant-to-me info here:

King:  why so important and yet so weak?

"While the old Indians invented chess, they designed a figure for each arm of the service. The king figure corresponded to the Indian emperor, the 'Schah in Schah'. This "King of kings" was a wise ruler and not a warrior; the battles were fought by the generals. An empire was defeated when the emperor was captured. That is why a game can only be won when the enemy king is captured. This fault made chess unique. He is too slow to leap himself to safety. That is why castling was set in the 16th century."

Queen:
-began among the Persians as male adviser, called "Firzan", to the King.
-"could move one field diagonally and served for the safety of the king. The figure was taken over by the Arabs and was changed very much. Later, the Europeans called the figure "Fers", derived from "Firzan". Because they did not know the meaning of the word "Fers", they interpreted the figure as queen, because she is standing beside the king.

"The queen won extreme amounts of power through the development of the game in the 15th century. She became the most powerful figure on the board, even more powerful than the rooks and the king. It is still doubtful why the Spaniards, who developed the game further, have given so much power to the queen. Maybe they were inspired by the Spanish queen Isabella, the virgin of Orleans (Joan of Arc) or the holy Virgin Mary."

Rook
-started as a war carriage called a "rukh"
"By the year 1527 Vida, bishop of Albay, published a poem about a chess game between "Apollo" and "Mercury". The rooks were fortifications on the back of an elephant. The European chess players took over the description. Finally they left out the elephant for the normal use."

Bishop
-started as "an armed attendant who sat on the back of an elephant. The Arabs called this figure "al-fil", which means "elephant". The problem was that in Central Europe elephants were not known, so they could not recognize the figure. The bishops were interpreted differently by the different nations. That is why the bishop is a "Läufer" (runner) in Germany, a "fou" (fool) in France and a "alfiere" (standard-bearer) in Italy.

"The bishop also profited by the development of chess in the 15th century. At first he could jump one field diagonally. Later the jump was abolished and he could move diagonally as far as he wanted."

Knight
-began with his special jump; represented as a mounted warrior

Pawn
"In the Middle Ages monks tried to represent the pawns as citizens. The first pawn (above the left rook) was an agricultural worker, the second a farrier, the third a weaver, the fourth a businessman, the fifth a doctor, the sixth an innkeeper, the seventh a policeman and the eighth a gambler."
* Brother Cosmin's cassock
[cassocks|http://www.churchtailor.com/products.html]

Inner Cassocks (Anterri):
In the Greek Cassock Style (Images #2 & #3), cassocks come with a back placket and tie that ties around the waist, pockets, non-functioning cuffs, moderate stiffening in collar and hip pockets. In lieu of pockets, you can choose “hand pass-thru” to pants pocket slits rather than full pockets when ordering. Inner Cassocks (Anterri) in the Russian style (#5 below) comes with functioning cuffs, moderate stiffening in collar, and hip pockets. It has a straight back and no waist tie. In lieu of pockets, you can choose “hand pass thru” to pants pocket slits rather than full pockets when ordering. Inner Cassock (Anterri) #6 is a universal Cassock style which can be worn in both the Russian and Greek tradition. It has a back placket like image #3 above it.

Outer Cassocks (Exorasson):Outer Cassocks (Exorasson) are available in two styles: Greek style (image #1) and the Russian style (image #4). The Greek Style Exorasson fastens at the neck only with a hook and eye closure. The Russian Style exorassson fastens with two buttons at the neck and two buttons at the waist.
[[Index of Projects]]
[[Disappeared People |http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Disappeared_people]]
[[Unexplained Disappearances|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Unexplained_disappearances]]

I'm specifically looking for people who disappeared in transit somewhere, preferably over the ocean.

So far I have:

*Amelia Earhart

*Glenn Miller
yes, that Glenn Miller: "While travelling to entertain U.S. troops in France during World War II, Miller's plane disappeared in bad weather. His body was never found."

*[[Archduke John Salvator of Austria|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archduke_John_Salvator_of_Austria]]: "John Salvator married Milly Stubel, an opera dancer in a London registry office and after purchasing a ship called the Santa Margareta he and his wife sailed for South America. In February 1890 he set off from Montevideo heading for Valparaíso in Chile.[6] He was never heard from again and his ship is believed to have been lost of Cape Horn though rumours persisted that he survived.[1]

He was officially declared dead in 1911."

*[[Antoine de Saint Exupéry|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint_Exup%C3%A9ry#Disappearance_in_flight]] - while he was probably indeed shot down during the war (WWII), much of the evidence is circumstantial.  Pieces of the plane.  A bracelet?  What if he shows up in France in a beat-up, shot-up plane?

*[[John Wise, balloonist|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wise_%28balloonist%29#Disappearance]] - "On 28 September 1879, aged 71, he disappeared with a passenger on a trip in high winds from East St. Louis, Illinois over Lake Michigan. No trace of Wise, the passenger or the balloon have ever been found. In 44 years, Wise had made 463 ascents."

*[[Theodosia Burr Alston|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosia_Burr_Alston]] - Aaron Burr's daughter

*[[Roald Amundsen|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Amundsen#Disappearance_and_death]] - first person to reach both North and South poles, may be found in my story thanks to global warming!!

*[[Ettore Majorana|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ettore_Majorana]]
"Ettore Majorana (5 August 1906, Catania, Sicily, Italy – 27 March 1938 presumed dead) was an Italian theoretical physicist who began promising work on neutrino masses. He disappeared suddenly in mysterious circumstances."

Also note:

*[[Bass Straight Triangle|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_Strait_Triangle]] - the Australian Bermuda Triangle

* Bermuda Triangle:
** [[Flight 19 |http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_19]]
**[[Star Tiger and Star Ariel | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Tiger]]

*[[List of Missing Ships |http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_missing_ships]]

*[[Michigan Triangle|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Michigan_Triangle]]

*[[The White Bird|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_White_Bird]]
"was a French biplane which disappeared in 1927, during an attempt to make the first non-stop transatlantic flight from Paris to New York. The aircraft was flown by French aviation warheroes Charles Nungesser and François Coli, who were attempting to win the $25,000 Orteig Prize for the flight, but the plane disappeared after its May 8 takeoff from Paris. Two weeks later, Charles Lindbergh successfully made the New York–Paris journey and claimed the prize, flying The Spirit of St. Louis.

The disappearance of The White Bird is considered one of the great mysteries in the history of aviation.[1] Many rumors circulated about the fate of the plane and crew, with mainstream opinion being that the aircraft was probably lost in a squall over the Atlantic; however modern investigations imply that the plane may have reached Newfoundland or possibly crashed in Maine."
The setting for //The Herbalist's Apprentice// is 1485 Transylvania... which is in Romania, hence Fauxmania.

My cousin's wife is from Romania, which piqued my interest in the area; to the point where I was going to name the main character of //THA// after her (Reluca; however, our nickname for Reluca is Rella, and I didn't want to have any hints of Cinderella in my story, as it's a retelling of "The Twelve Dancing Princesses" and I don't want any other fairy tales creeping in, and I don't want to use the nickname Luca.  My character is CLEARLY an "R" character.  So, she's Reveka or Reva).

Of course, having a few Romanian meals with my cousins and looking at their pictures and hearing her stories is not enough, and I've had to do quite a bit of research to achieve Fauxmania.  There is a shocking lack of information available in English.

!!People
!!!Clothing
*[[Postcards from Romania|http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania48.html]]
"Nowhere else in Europe do folk costumes persist so strongly, the men wearing tiny clop straw hats and medieval rawhide galoshes or felt boots with thongs, and the women wearing boldy striped catrinita apron with cloth from the water-powered fulling mills, and embroidering intricate designs on the wide sleeved cotton blouses worn by both sexes..."
*[[Chemises/Shirts|http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaPortul/w_shirts.htm]]
*[[Aprons|http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaPortul/apron.htm]]
!!!Blogs 
*[[Maktaaq|http://www.maktaaq.com/]] is Canadian Romanian, and getting her perspective on how the rest of the world views Romania is really good (and interesting).  Medieval Romania is a bit hard to get a handle on-my setting superstructure should make mention of the Ottoman Empire, but I'm not sure how-but at least I can get a modern handle on things.  It's a start.  Maktaaq makes my day by referring to things like [[Fortified Transylvanian Churches|http://www.fortified-churches.com/]].  What a concept!!
*[[Urban Style|http://urbnstyle.blogspot.com/]] is a style blog focusing on young Romanians.  I love it.  
!!!Romanian Nobility
*[[Historical Romanian ranks and titles|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_nobility]]
!!!Ethnic Groups
*[[Gypsies/Romani|http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaHistory/minority-gypsies.htm]]
I briefly mentioned Gypsies in draft one, since Reveka needs a lizard skin, and she thought Gypsies might be able to get her one.  (Using that term for recognizability/period-esque commonality).  HOWEVER...  yikes!  Shortly after the Roma people arrived in the Balkans, they were enslaved, particularly in Wallachia and Moldavia, by large landowners.  Uhm.  So, likely, if Prince Vasile were a real landowner of Romania and not a sovereign of Fauxmania, he would have had Roma slaves working for him.  This is way too big to fit in my book in any sensitive way.  Hm. 


!!Places
!!!Pictures
*[[Gallery|http://www.johnrausch.com/Maramures/budes05.htm]] (includes pic of Opinchi, lots of churches, etc...  GOOD stuff)
*[[wooden churches|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wooden_Churches_of_Maramures]]
*[[Romanian Travel Guide|http://www.rotravel.com/Photo-Gallery/Mountains/Piatra-Craiului]]
!!!Place Names
*[[Etymological List of counties of Romania|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymological_list_of_counties_of_Romania]]
!!!Castles
*[[All About Huniad Castle (Prince Vasile's Castle)|http://www.infohub.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1828]]
*[[Picture of Huniad|http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania12.html]]
*[[More Hunedoara|http://www.ici.ro/romania/en/turism/hd_huniarzi.html]]
*[[Still more Hunedoara|http://www.castelulcorvinilor.ro/corvinscastle/istoric.html]]


!![[Romanian Folklore|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_folklore]]
!!!minor bits
*[[meteorological beliefs|http://www.folkromania.com/cms/articles/beliefs_and_superstitions/folk_meteorology]]
*[[Strigoi|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strigoi]]
*[[Moroi||http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moroi]]
*[[Balaur|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaur]]
!!!Zmeu
Zmei are a kind of Romanian dragon that have human characteristics.  Like dragons in Anglo-Saxon folklore, they represent greed/hoarding.  They like to steal young girls....
*[[Romanian Dragons|http://www.cosmopoetry.ro/Romanian%20Astrohumanism%207/Pages/romanian_astrohumanism_VII-3.htm]]
*[[Zmeu on Wikipedia|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zmeu]] (seems to be the same text mentioned through most of the web about zmei)
*[[Rumanian dragons|http://pictures.linkmesh.com/dragons/rumanian_dragons.php]]
*[[Zmeu on monstropedia|http://www.monstropedia.org/index.php?title=Zmeu]] (includes a picture!)
!!!Romanian Witches
*[[Romanian witches' roaring trade|http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1613866.stm]]
"For each case she uses a bottle filled with water from three holy wells, a glass of honey and an item of clothing from the person who is to be cured.

To the holy water bottle she adds a piece of frankincense and some dried sweet basil.

Margareta's bottle of holy water, and the nine-times married knife
The married knife is dipped in the holy water
With all these she uses a nine-times married knife - secretly hidden by nine brides into their grooms' pockets during the wedding ceremony.

Since it won't do any harm, Margareta agrees to show me what she can do by casting away any evil from her neighbour: "O, big water, O, big lady, I'm praying for you and I worship you How you wash away all rubbish, all dirt, Wash Ioana too from all evils, All horrors, all doings, all spells As she ate and as she drank." 

*[[Romania legalizes witchcrat|http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=62489]]
!!!Vampires (of course)
It seems that vampires as we know them are not a Romanian construct.  Romanian vampires are more like, oh, witches and ogres.
*[[vampire stories from siret|http://www.draculas.info/vampires/romania/vampire_stories_from_siret/]]
*[[vampires in Romania|http://www.draculas.info/vampires/romania/]]
*[[traits of vampires|http://www.draculas.info/vampires_traits/]]
*[[vampire stories from Botosani|http://www.draculas.info/vampires/romania/vampire_stories_from_botosani/]]
!!!Dracula (of course)
It's interesting to me that I picked a year about a decade after Dracula died.  Even more interesting to discover that he was obsessed with honesty, while lying is my main character's besetting sin.
*[[historical Vlad Tepes|http://www.donlinke.com/drakula/vlad.htm]]
*[[Dracula tales|http://www.draculas.info/vlad_iii_dracula/tales/]]
**[[Dracula timeline|http://www.draculas.info/vlad_iii_dracula/chronology/]]

!!Other
!!!Religion
*[[Romanian Orthodox Church]]
*[[Phos Hilaron (candlelight hymn)|http://orthodoxwiki.org/Phos_Hilaron]]

!!!Time
*1485: Transylvania was still on the Julian calendar, and so will Sylvania be. [The Transylvanian switch would be in 1590.|http://www.searchforancestors.com/utility/gregorian.html]
I believe this means that we need to add 9 days onto the reckoning of any dates.  So...  June 28th, which is the astronomical starting point of the book, would be recorded as June 19th.  Not that it matters.

!!!Language
*[[The Romance Languages: Romanian|http://www.geocities.com/email_theguy/rromanian.htm]]
*[[Romanian Guide|http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~gilpin/romanian.html]]
*[[Swearing...|http://www.insultmonger.com/swearing/romanian.htm]] NOT SAFE FOR WORK!
!!Footwear of [[Fauxmania]]:
!!!Opinci - Medieval Romanian Sandals
Plural: opinca
*[[opinci photo|http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Europe/Romania/photo528238.htm]]:
"The oldest type of (eastern european and romanian) footwear is peasant sandals (opinci) worn with woollen or felt foot wraps (obiele) or woollen socks (caltuni).

Opinci were worn throughout Romania... Opinci are made of a single rectangle of cow, ox or pig hide gathered round the foot in various ways..."
*[[Romanian peasant footwear|http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaPortul/footwear.htm]]:
includes info on the socks...  One of my characters spends a lot of time netting socks.


!Occitania/Aquitaine/Provence
*[[English-Occitan Lexicon|http://www.occitania.online.fr/aqui.comenca.occitania/en-oc.html]]
*[[History of Languedocian Words|http://etymologie-occitane.chez-alice.fr/F.html]]
*[[Tourist's Lexicon of Provincial France|http://www.provenceweb.fr/f/occitan/lexique.htm]]
*[[Ominglot's Occitan|http://www.omniglot.com/writing/occitan.htm]]

!Gallia/Gaul
[[Medieval Gardens|http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/medievalgardens.htm]]
!!The Princess Hat - The Henin
We all know the cone-shaped princess hat with a veil poking out of the top of the cone...  you can buy them at Disneyworld.  But what's the basis?
*[[Cauls, Truncated and Butterfly Henins|http://www.virtue.to/articles/arnolfini.html]]
*[[Medieval Hats (Quiz)|http://www.learner.org/interactives/middleages/clothact.html]]

!!The Wimple
See also: 
*[[herbalist]]
*[[stillroom]]  
*[[specific herbs]]

!Medieval 
!!Links
*[[The Nine Herbs Charm|http://englishheathenism.homestead.com/nineherbsmodenglish.html]]
*[[Thieves Oil|http://www.the-thieves-oil.com/history/index.html]]

*[[Herbal Court Customs|http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/Herbal_Court_Customs.html]]
**"Ceremonial handwashing before and after meals is often described as incorporating botanical scents. The office of handwashing could be considered a hereditary right or duty..."
**"Medieval housekeepers often laid a layer of rushes or straw over wood, stone or dirt floors..."
**"It was the custom to offer spices and wine after the meal."
**Fumigants
**Perfumes, Pomanders and Incense
**Scented Baths

*[[Savory Seeds in the Middle Ages|http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/seeds.html]]
the website makes an interesting distinction: herbs are gathered locally, spices are imported
**excellent bibliography

*[[Herbalism, Medieval, Magickal...|http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/herbs.html]]
a great index; I found the above links there.

*[[Herald, Herbalist, Hunter|http://members.tripod.com/~hkcarms/oc11.html]]
strange page, but food for thought

*[[Beyond the Herbwife|http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/Beyond_herbwife.html]]
I love this paragraph: the truth about willow bark tea:
"One curious exception is that of Willow bark, a source of salicylic acid. One can hardly turn around or stub one's toe in a fantasy novel without being offered willow-bark tea. (For reasons unknown, fantasy willow-bark tea, unlike its modern NSAID equivalents in real life, can be drunk as much as needed without stomach effects or increasing bleeding in wounds.) While the Egyptians and Hippocrates appear to have suggested willow bark for pain, it drops out of the written medicinal record after that, until 1763, when Reverend Edmund Stone tried powdered willow bark for fevers and arthritis. Allegedly, it was the theory of humors that led him to do so, since willows grow in the same damp low-lying places that are associated with fevers and arthritis. Oddly enough, however, meadowsweet, another source of salicin, is mentioned by medieval and early modern herbalists for fevers, though other herbs of varying usefulness such as camomile and mints were prescribed for fevers and agues in written works."

!!Books
*[[Cunningham's Encyclopedia of Magical Herbs | http://www.amazon.com/Cunninghams-Encyclopedia-Magical-Llewellyns-Sourcebook/dp/0875421229]]
*[[A Natural History of Ferns|http://books.google.com/books?id=zy1hcSGaaDAC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=invisible+fern+seeds&source=bl&ots=gfrko095mG&sig=-kp8b3OoTetlHufOWddy710gCKc&hl=en&ei=b9AqSqC3OpK-Mu2wjcUJ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#PPA15,M1]]  contains a lovely, helpful bit about the early belief in the invisibility of fern seeds
*[[English Housewife|http://books.google.com/books?id=9LNlAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA97&dq=english+housewife+gervase+markham&client=firefox-a#PRA2-PA108,M1]]
[[Baux]]
[[Women with Swords]]
[[Anglo-Saxons]]
[[France]]
[[archery]]
[[handsome heroines]]
![[Novels]]
*[[Being Jane Eyre]]
*[[The Herbalist's Apprentice]]
*[[Heroes of the Cold Island]]

![[Short Stories]]
*[["I wanted to work the bicentennial..."]]
*[["Currer Bell Comes to America"]]
![[Chivalric Orders|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chivalric_order]]
*[[Order of the Dragon|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Dragon]]
!![[Votive Orders|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chivalric_order#Votive_Orders]]
*[[Enterprise of the Green Shield with the White Lady|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emprise_de_l%27Escu_vert_%C3%A0_la_Dame_Blanche]]
[[Ways to Twist English]]
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|''Version:''|1.1.0|
|''Date:''|mar 17, 2007|
|''Source:''|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#LoadRemoteFileHijack|
|''Author:''|BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info)|
|''License:''|[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D ]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.2.0|
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!![[Novels]]
[[By Right of Conquest]]
[[Greater Than]]
[[The Herbalist's Apprentice]]
[[Heroes of the Cold Island]]

!![[Short Stories]]
[["I wanted to work the bicentennial..."]]
[["Currer Bell Comes to America"]]

!![[Regarding Writing]]
[[Revision Checklist]]

!!About
[[Merrie Haskell|http://www.merriehaskell.com]]
[[Mer's Journal|http://fairmer.livejournal.com]]
My TiddlyWiki
Mills are good settings.  I decided this back when my husband and I went on a tour of an oat mill in Scotland on our honeymoon.  I learned a lot that day that I promptly forgot, but the sounds, sights, smells and OH YEAH THE SOUNDS stay with me.  (It's very loud in a mill.)  That and the fact that apple trees are often planted around mills because applewood makes good gears.  Plus, cider.

[[A child's guide to mills | http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/sarehole/sarehole.htm]] - clear, comprehensible, and interactive!  The top room of a mill is called a garner!  Which is exactly the thing I needed to know when I went looking.

!!!First Names
!!!!Generic
Elena
Andrew
Susan
Anne
Whitney
David
Karen
Brandon
Pam

!!!!More Interesting
Koyonne
Dzemila
Ki-Hong
Kellen
Tamar
Sieuw


!!!Last Names
Pritts
Fazzari
Rizzo
Plona
Markell
Western
Elliker
Christlieb
Lanyon
DeJong
Coates
Davis
Blake
Winningham
Nichols
Before knitting, there was netting, or [[Nalebinding|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naalebinding]].

*[[Nalebinding Samples|http://www.cs.vassar.edu/~capriest/nalebind.html]]
*[[A very good Nalbinding page|http://www.geocities.com/sigridkitty/index.html]]

Nalebinding creates warmer/thicker clothing than knitting, is performed with one needle, and can be used with short lengths of yarn.  It predates knitting, and creates clothes that look knitted.  It also looks a teeny bit like chainmail.  The Norse name does not mean it is a Norse pursuit.
*[[The Herbalist's Apprentice]]
*[[Heroes of the Cold Island]]
!!Mechanics 
[[Revision Checklist]]

!!Advice
[[Accidentally Profound Writing Advice]]

!!Generation of Stuff
[[Names Lists]]
!Words to Watch

*vaguely
*quite
*rather
*something
*grinned
*blinked
*as...
*plenty
*quietly
*suddenly
*gaze...
*eyes...
*quickly
*"it was..."
*DASHES, OMG, WATCH THE DASHES
*and semicolons

!Trends to Watch
*book-saidisms
*"of"  (prepositional excess)
*was! had!
*leaving out similes and metaphors
*[[the wikipedia entry|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church]]
the only autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church that uses a Romance language in its liturgy
*[[the Daily Cycle|http://orthodoxwiki.org/Daily_Cycle]]
** Vespers (sunset)
** Compline (after-dinner) - also known as Apodeipnon
** Midnight Office (12:00am) - also known as Mesonyktikon
** Orthros (sunrise) - also known as Matins
** First Hour (6:00am)
** Third Hour (9:00am)
** Sixth Hour (12:00pm)
** Ninth Hour (3:00pm) 
*[[
*[["I wanted to work the bicentennial..."]]
*[["Currer Bell Comes to America"]]
<br>
Merrie Haskell's Writing Research TiddlyWiki
ResearchMadness
*[[The Secrets of Swordfighting|http://www.florilegium.org/?http%3A//www.florilegium.org/files/COMBAT/Sword-Fighting-art.html]]
SCA article
*[[What did historical swords weigh?|http://www.thearma.org/essays/weights.htm]]
Reveka didn't meet her father until she was eleven years old, when he came to collect her from the nuns who raised her after her mother's death.  Reveka's father has left the army and is now Prince Vasile's new gardener.  When she goes to live with her father at the prince's palace, she also finds work, as the herbalist's apprentice.  One of her new duties is to select and prepare the herbs for the prince's daughters' baths every morning.  The princesses are under a curse, one that causes them to spend each night dancing, so that their slippers are worn through every morning.

Reveka, confronted with this puzzle, decides to take a hand.

!!Topics
[[Balneology]]  (Reveka selects the bath herbs for the princesses.)
[[Clothes]]
[[Fauxmania]]  (The setting is faux Romania.)
[[Footwear, Medieval]] (This fairy tale is all about shoes.)
[[Gardens]]  (Reveka's father is a gardener; Reveka is an herbalist.)
[[Headgear, Medieval]] (Princess hats for the princesses!  Plus, Reveka has a hat, and another hat is a major plot point.)
[[Herbs]]  (See the title of the book!)
[[Knights]]
[[Netting]] (The predecessor of knitting, netting (or nalebinding) is the hobby of one of the characters.)
[[Mills]] (One of the princesses grew up in a mill.)
[[The Twelve Dancing Princesses]]  
[[The Underworld]]

!!Pictures, yay!
*[[Reveka's Convent|http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania27.html]]
*[[Or maybe this is Reveka's Convent|http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania22.html]]
*[[Bad guy's castle|http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania1.html]]
*[[Fortified church!|http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania9.html]]
*[[House interior|http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania13.html]]
*[[Prince Vasile's castle|http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania12.html]]
*[[the countryside|http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania14.html]]
*[[wooden church 1 |http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania37.html]]
*[[wooden church 2 |http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania51.html]]
*[[a wooden gate, such as to the mill in Otilia's village|http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania39.html]]
*[[a foot bridge|http://www.aboutromania.com/transylvania49.html]]
*[[the little well|http://www.j-paine.org/photos/brasov_bran_castle.jpeg]]
[[SurLaLune's Annotated Twelve Dancing Princesses|http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/twelvedancing/index.html]]

The [[Romanian version|http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/twelvedancing/stories/roumanian.html]] of "Twelve" mentions opinci by name, and names the male rescuer character (a bohunk) Jonica.
!!Entrances to the Underworld
*island of the Sirens
**"the Sirens lived on a barren island, one of the entrances to the underworld, and whenever ships passed they sang, hoping to entice Persephone. Their singing was so beautiful that no human could resist it, and the ships sailed ever closer to the lips of hell. Each time the Sirens realized that Persephone was not on board, they swooped on the ship and tore its sailor's limb from limb sending their souls unburied to the underworld." [Greek Mythology N-Z|http://www.allaboutturkey.com/sozlukmit2.htm]
*"Entrances to the underworld are to be found in certain caverns and subterranean water-courses." [Greek Religion|http://www.trivia-library.com/c/history-of-afterlife-in-different-religions-greek.htm]
*"an entrance to the underworld was located at Avernus, a crater near Cumae. This was the route Aeneas used to descend to the Underworld." [Avernus|http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080512204624AAq01cB]
/***
Contains the stuff you need to use Tiddlyspot
Note you must also have UploadPlugin installed
***/
//{{{

// edit this if you are migrating sites or retrofitting an existing TW
config.tiddlyspotSiteId = 'merriehaskell';

// make it so you can by default see edit controls via http
config.options.chkHttpReadOnly = false;
window.readOnly = false; // make sure of it (for tw 2.2)
window.showBackstage = true; // show backstage too

// disable autosave in d3
if (window.location.protocol != "file:")
	config.options.chkGTDLazyAutoSave = false;

// tweak shadow tiddlers to add upload button, password entry box etc
with (config.shadowTiddlers) {
	SiteUrl = 'http://'+config.tiddlyspotSiteId+'.tiddlyspot.com';
	SideBarOptions = SideBarOptions.replace(/(<<saveChanges>>)/,"$1<<tiddler TspotSidebar>>");
	OptionsPanel = OptionsPanel.replace(/^/,"<<tiddler TspotOptions>>");
	DefaultTiddlers = DefaultTiddlers.replace(/^/,"[[WelcomeToTiddlyspot]] ");
	MainMenu = MainMenu.replace(/^/,"[[WelcomeToTiddlyspot]] ");
}

// create some shadow tiddler content
merge(config.shadowTiddlers,{

'WelcomeToTiddlyspot':[
 "This document is a ~TiddlyWiki from tiddlyspot.com.  A ~TiddlyWiki is an electronic notebook that is great for managing todo lists, personal information, and all sorts of things.",
 "",
 "@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //What now?// &nbsp;&nbsp;@@ Before you can save any changes, you need to enter your password in the form below.  Then configure privacy and other site settings at your [[control panel|http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/controlpanel]] (your control panel username is //" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + "//).",
 "<<tiddler TspotControls>>",
 "See also GettingStarted.",
 "",
 "@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Working online// &nbsp;&nbsp;@@ You can edit this ~TiddlyWiki right now, and save your changes using the \"save to web\" button in the column on the right.",
 "",
 "@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Working offline// &nbsp;&nbsp;@@ A fully functioning copy of this ~TiddlyWiki can be saved onto your hard drive or USB stick.  You can make changes and save them locally without being connected to the Internet.  When you're ready to sync up again, just click \"upload\" and your ~TiddlyWiki will be saved back to tiddlyspot.com.",
 "",
 "@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Help!// &nbsp;&nbsp;@@ Find out more about ~TiddlyWiki at [[TiddlyWiki.com|http://tiddlywiki.com]].  Also visit [[TiddlyWiki.org|http://tiddlywiki.org]] for documentation on learning and using ~TiddlyWiki. New users are especially welcome on the [[TiddlyWiki mailing list|http://groups.google.com/group/TiddlyWiki]], which is an excellent place to ask questions and get help.  If you have a tiddlyspot related problem email [[tiddlyspot support|mailto:support@tiddlyspot.com]].",
 "",
 "@@font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3em;color:#444; //Enjoy :)// &nbsp;&nbsp;@@ We hope you like using your tiddlyspot.com site.  Please email [[feedback@tiddlyspot.com|mailto:feedback@tiddlyspot.com]] with any comments or suggestions."
].join("\n"),

'TspotControls':[
 "| tiddlyspot password:|<<option pasUploadPassword>>|",
 "| site management:|<<upload http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi index.html . .  " + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ">>//(requires tiddlyspot password)//<br>[[control panel|http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/controlpanel]], [[download (go offline)|http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/download]]|",
 "| links:|[[tiddlyspot.com|http://tiddlyspot.com/]], [[FAQs|http://faq.tiddlyspot.com/]], [[blog|http://tiddlyspot.blogspot.com/]], email [[support|mailto:support@tiddlyspot.com]] & [[feedback|mailto:feedback@tiddlyspot.com]], [[donate|http://tiddlyspot.com/?page=donate]]|"
].join("\n"),

'TspotSidebar':[
 "<<upload http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi index.html . .  " + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ">><html><a href='http://" + config.tiddlyspotSiteId + ".tiddlyspot.com/download' class='button'>download</a></html>"
].join("\n"),

'TspotOptions':[
 "tiddlyspot password:",
 "<<option pasUploadPassword>>",
 ""
].join("\n")

});
//}}}
| !date | !user | !location | !storeUrl | !uploadDir | !toFilename | !backupdir | !origin |
| 07/11/2008 21:05:34 | Mer | [[/|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | ok |
| 08/11/2008 11:15:34 | Mer | [[/|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 10/11/2008 09:13:37 | Mer | [[/|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 19/02/2009 22:42:42 | Mer | [[/|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | ok |
| 19/02/2009 22:44:03 | Mer | [[/|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 22/02/2009 23:24:28 | Mer | [[/|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 26/02/2009 23:36:30 | Mer | [[/|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 05/05/2009 22:26:24 | Mer | [[/|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . | ok |
| 06/05/2009 22:32:27 | Mer | [[/|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
| 06/06/2009 22:34:33 | Mer | [[/|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/]] | [[store.cgi|http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/store.cgi]] | . | [[index.html | http://merriehaskell.tiddlyspot.com/index.html]] | . |
/***
|''Name:''|PasswordOptionPlugin|
|''Description:''|Extends TiddlyWiki options with non encrypted password option.|
|''Version:''|1.0.2|
|''Date:''|Apr 19, 2007|
|''Source:''|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#PasswordOptionPlugin|
|''Author:''|BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info)|
|''License:''|[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D ]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.2.0 (Beta 5)|
***/
//{{{
version.extensions.PasswordOptionPlugin = {
	major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 2, 
	date: new Date("Apr 19, 2007"),
	source: 'http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#PasswordOptionPlugin',
	author: 'BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info',
	license: '[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D]]',
	coreVersion: '2.2.0 (Beta 5)'
};

config.macros.option.passwordCheckboxLabel = "Save this password on this computer";
config.macros.option.passwordInputType = "password"; // password | text
setStylesheet(".pasOptionInput {width: 11em;}\n","passwordInputTypeStyle");

merge(config.macros.option.types, {
	'pas': {
		elementType: "input",
		valueField: "value",
		eventName: "onkeyup",
		className: "pasOptionInput",
		typeValue: config.macros.option.passwordInputType,
		create: function(place,type,opt,className,desc) {
			// password field
			config.macros.option.genericCreate(place,'pas',opt,className,desc);
			// checkbox linked with this password "save this password on this computer"
			config.macros.option.genericCreate(place,'chk','chk'+opt,className,desc);			
			// text savePasswordCheckboxLabel
			place.appendChild(document.createTextNode(config.macros.option.passwordCheckboxLabel));
		},
		onChange: config.macros.option.genericOnChange
	}
});

merge(config.optionHandlers['chk'], {
	get: function(name) {
		// is there an option linked with this chk ?
		var opt = name.substr(3);
		if (config.options[opt]) 
			saveOptionCookie(opt);
		return config.options[name] ? "true" : "false";
	}
});

merge(config.optionHandlers, {
	'pas': {
 		get: function(name) {
			if (config.options["chk"+name]) {
				return encodeCookie(config.options[name].toString());
			} else {
				return "";
			}
		},
		set: function(name,value) {config.options[name] = decodeCookie(value);}
	}
});

// need to reload options to load passwordOptions
loadOptionsCookie();

/*
if (!config.options['pasPassword'])
	config.options['pasPassword'] = '';

merge(config.optionsDesc,{
		pasPassword: "Test password"
	});
*/
//}}}

/***
|''Name:''|UploadPlugin|
|''Description:''|Save to web a TiddlyWiki|
|''Version:''|4.1.0|
|''Date:''|May 5, 2007|
|''Source:''|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadPlugin|
|''Documentation:''|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadPluginDoc|
|''Author:''|BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info)|
|''License:''|[[BSD open source license|http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#%5B%5BBSD%20open%20source%20license%5D%5D ]]|
|''~CoreVersion:''|2.2.0 (#3125)|
|''Requires:''|PasswordOptionPlugin|
***/
//{{{
version.extensions.UploadPlugin = {
	major: 4, minor: 1, revision: 0,
	date: new Date("May 5, 2007"),
	source: 'http://tiddlywiki.bidix.info/#UploadPlugin',
	author: 'BidiX (BidiX (at) bidix (dot) info',
	coreVersion: '2.2.0 (#3125)'
};

//
// Environment
//

if (!window.bidix) window.bidix = {}; // bidix namespace
bidix.debugMode = false;	// true to activate both in Plugin and UploadService
	
//
// Upload Macro
//

config.macros.upload = {
// default values
	defaultBackupDir: '',	//no backup
	defaultStoreScript: "store.php",
	defaultToFilename: "index.html",
	defaultUploadDir: ".",
	authenticateUser: true	// UploadService Authenticate User
};
	
config.macros.upload.label = {
	promptOption: "Save and Upload this TiddlyWiki with UploadOptions",
	promptParamMacro: "Save and Upload this TiddlyWiki in %0",
	saveLabel: "save to web", 
	saveToDisk: "save to disk",
	uploadLabel: "upload"	
};

config.macros.upload.messages = {
	noStoreUrl: "No store URL in parmeters or options",
	usernameOrPasswordMissing: "Username or password missing"
};

config.macros.upload.handler = function(place,macroName,params) {
	if (readOnly)
		return;
	var label;
	if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http") 
		label = this.label.saveLabel;
	else
		label = this.label.uploadLabel;
	var prompt;
	if (params[0]) {
		prompt = this.label.promptParamMacro.toString().format([this.destFile(params[0], 
			(params[1] ? params[1]:bidix.basename(window.location.toString())), params[3])]);
	} else {
		prompt = this.label.promptOption;
	}
	createTiddlyButton(place, label, prompt, function() {config.macros.upload.action(params);}, null, null, this.accessKey);
};

config.macros.upload.action = function(params)
{
		// for missing macro parameter set value from options
		var storeUrl = params[0] ? params[0] : config.options.txtUploadStoreUrl;
		var toFilename = params[1] ? params[1] : config.options.txtUploadFilename;
		var backupDir = params[2] ? params[2] : config.options.txtUploadBackupDir;
		var uploadDir = params[3] ? params[3] : config.options.txtUploadDir;
		var username = params[4] ? params[4] : config.options.txtUploadUserName;
		var password = config.options.pasUploadPassword; // for security reason no password as macro parameter	
		// for still missing parameter set default value
		if ((!storeUrl) && (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http")) 
			storeUrl = bidix.dirname(document.location.toString())+'/'+config.macros.upload.defaultStoreScript;
		if (storeUrl.substr(0,4) != "http")
			storeUrl = bidix.dirname(document.location.toString()) +'/'+ storeUrl;
		if (!toFilename)
			toFilename = bidix.basename(window.location.toString());
		if (!toFilename)
			toFilename = config.macros.upload.defaultToFilename;
		if (!uploadDir)
			uploadDir = config.macros.upload.defaultUploadDir;
		if (!backupDir)
			backupDir = config.macros.upload.defaultBackupDir;
		// report error if still missing
		if (!storeUrl) {
			alert(config.macros.upload.messages.noStoreUrl);
			clearMessage();
			return false;
		}
		if (config.macros.upload.authenticateUser && (!username || !password)) {
			alert(config.macros.upload.messages.usernameOrPasswordMissing);
			clearMessage();
			return false;
		}
		bidix.upload.uploadChanges(false,null,storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir, backupDir, username, password); 
		return false; 
};

config.macros.upload.destFile = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir) 
{
	if (!storeUrl)
		return null;
		var dest = bidix.dirname(storeUrl);
		if (uploadDir && uploadDir != '.')
			dest = dest + '/' + uploadDir;
		dest = dest + '/' + toFilename;
	return dest;
};

//
// uploadOptions Macro
//

config.macros.uploadOptions = {
	handler: function(place,macroName,params) {
		var wizard = new Wizard();
		wizard.createWizard(place,this.wizardTitle);
		wizard.addStep(this.step1Title,this.step1Html);
		var markList = wizard.getElement("markList");
		var listWrapper = document.createElement("div");
		markList.parentNode.insertBefore(listWrapper,markList);
		wizard.setValue("listWrapper",listWrapper);
		this.refreshOptions(listWrapper,false);
		var uploadCaption;
		if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "http") 
			uploadCaption = config.macros.upload.label.saveLabel;
		else
			uploadCaption = config.macros.upload.label.uploadLabel;
		
		wizard.setButtons([
				{caption: uploadCaption, tooltip: config.macros.upload.label.promptOption, 
					onClick: config.macros.upload.action},
				{caption: this.cancelButton, tooltip: this.cancelButtonPrompt, onClick: this.onCancel}
				
			]);
	},
	refreshOptions: function(listWrapper) {
		var uploadOpts = [
			"txtUploadUserName",
			"pasUploadPassword",
			"txtUploadStoreUrl",
			"txtUploadDir",
			"txtUploadFilename",
			"txtUploadBackupDir",
			"chkUploadLog",
			"txtUploadLogMaxLine",
			]
		var opts = [];
		for(i=0; i<uploadOpts.length; i++) {
			var opt = {};
			opts.push()
			opt.option = "";
			n = uploadOpts[i];
			opt.name = n;
			opt.lowlight = !config.optionsDesc[n];
			opt.description = opt.lowlight ? this.unknownDescription : config.optionsDesc[n];
			opts.push(opt);
		}
		var listview = ListView.create(listWrapper,opts,this.listViewTemplate);
		for(n=0; n<opts.length; n++) {
			var type = opts[n].name.substr(0,3);
			var h = config.macros.option.types[type];
			if (h && h.create) {
				h.create(opts[n].colElements['option'],type,opts[n].name,opts[n].name,"no");
			}
		}
		
	},
	onCancel: function(e)
	{
		backstage.switchTab(null);
		return false;
	},
	
	wizardTitle: "Upload with options",
	step1Title: "These options are saved in cookies in your browser",
	step1Html: "<input type='hidden' name='markList'></input><br>",
	cancelButton: "Cancel",
	cancelButtonPrompt: "Cancel prompt",
	listViewTemplate: {
		columns: [
			{name: 'Description', field: 'description', title: "Description", type: 'WikiText'},
			{name: 'Option', field: 'option', title: "Option", type: 'String'},
			{name: 'Name', field: 'name', title: "Name", type: 'String'}
			],
		rowClasses: [
			{className: 'lowlight', field: 'lowlight'} 
			]}
}

//
// upload functions
//

if (!bidix.upload) bidix.upload = {};

if (!bidix.upload.messages) bidix.upload.messages = {
	//from saving
	invalidFileError: "The original file '%0' does not appear to be a valid TiddlyWiki",
	backupSaved: "Backup saved",
	backupFailed: "Failed to upload backup file",
	rssSaved: "RSS feed uploaded",
	rssFailed: "Failed to upload RSS feed file",
	emptySaved: "Empty template uploaded",
	emptyFailed: "Failed to upload empty template file",
	mainSaved: "Main TiddlyWiki file uploaded",
	mainFailed: "Failed to upload main TiddlyWiki file. Your changes have not been saved",
	//specific upload
	loadOriginalHttpPostError: "Can't get original file",
	aboutToSaveOnHttpPost: 'About to upload on %0 ...',
	storePhpNotFound: "The store script '%0' was not found."
};

bidix.upload.uploadChanges = function(onlyIfDirty,tiddlers,storeUrl,toFilename,uploadDir,backupDir,username,password)
{
	var callback = function(status,uploadParams,original,url,xhr) {
		if (!status) {
			displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.loadOriginalHttpPostError);
			return;
		}
		if (bidix.debugMode) 
			alert(original.substr(0,500)+"\n...");
		// Locate the storeArea div's 
		var posDiv = locateStoreArea(original);
		if((posDiv[0] == -1) || (posDiv[1] == -1)) {
			alert(config.messages.invalidFileError.format([localPath]));
			return;
		}
		bidix.upload.uploadRss(uploadParams,original,posDiv);
	};
	
	if(onlyIfDirty && !store.isDirty())
		return;
	clearMessage();
	// save on localdisk ?
	if (document.location.toString().substr(0,4) == "file") {
		var path = document.location.toString();
		var localPath = getLocalPath(path);
		saveChanges();
	}
	// get original
	var uploadParams = Array(storeUrl,toFilename,uploadDir,backupDir,username,password);
	var originalPath = document.location.toString();
	// If url is a directory : add index.html
	if (originalPath.charAt(originalPath.length-1) == "/")
		originalPath = originalPath + "index.html";
	var dest = config.macros.upload.destFile(storeUrl,toFilename,uploadDir);
	var log = new bidix.UploadLog();
	log.startUpload(storeUrl, dest, uploadDir,  backupDir);
	displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.aboutToSaveOnHttpPost.format([dest]));
	if (bidix.debugMode) 
		alert("about to execute Http - GET on "+originalPath);
	var r = doHttp("GET",originalPath,null,null,null,null,callback,uploadParams,null);
	if (typeof r == "string")
		displayMessage(r);
	return r;
};

bidix.upload.uploadRss = function(uploadParams,original,posDiv) 
{
	var callback = function(status,params,responseText,url,xhr) {
		if(status) {
			var destfile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("destfile:")+9,responseText.indexOf("\n", responseText.indexOf("destfile:")));
			displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.rssSaved,bidix.dirname(url)+'/'+destfile);
			bidix.upload.uploadMain(params[0],params[1],params[2]);
		} else {
			displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.rssFailed);			
		}
	};
	// do uploadRss
	if(config.options.chkGenerateAnRssFeed) {
		var rssPath = uploadParams[1].substr(0,uploadParams[1].lastIndexOf(".")) + ".xml";
		var rssUploadParams = Array(uploadParams[0],rssPath,uploadParams[2],'',uploadParams[4],uploadParams[5]);
		bidix.upload.httpUpload(rssUploadParams,convertUnicodeToUTF8(generateRss()),callback,Array(uploadParams,original,posDiv));
	} else {
		bidix.upload.uploadMain(uploadParams,original,posDiv);
	}
};

bidix.upload.uploadMain = function(uploadParams,original,posDiv) 
{
	var callback = function(status,params,responseText,url,xhr) {
		var log = new bidix.UploadLog();
		if(status) {
			// if backupDir specified
			if ((params[3]) && (responseText.indexOf("backupfile:") > -1))  {
				var backupfile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("backupfile:")+11,responseText.indexOf("\n", responseText.indexOf("backupfile:")));
				displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.backupSaved,bidix.dirname(url)+'/'+backupfile);
			}
			var destfile = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("destfile:")+9,responseText.indexOf("\n", responseText.indexOf("destfile:")));
			displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.mainSaved,bidix.dirname(url)+'/'+destfile);
			store.setDirty(false);
			log.endUpload("ok");
		} else {
			alert(bidix.upload.messages.mainFailed);
			displayMessage(bidix.upload.messages.mainFailed);
			log.endUpload("failed");			
		}
	};
	// do uploadMain
	var revised = bidix.upload.updateOriginal(original,posDiv);
	bidix.upload.httpUpload(uploadParams,revised,callback,uploadParams);
};

bidix.upload.httpUpload = function(uploadParams,data,callback,params)
{
	var localCallback = function(status,params,responseText,url,xhr) {
		url = (url.indexOf("nocache=") < 0 ? url : url.substring(0,url.indexOf("nocache=")-1));
		if (xhr.status == httpStatus.NotFound)
			alert(bidix.upload.messages.storePhpNotFound.format([url]));
		if ((bidix.debugMode) || (responseText.indexOf("Debug mode") >= 0 )) {
			alert(responseText);
			if (responseText.indexOf("Debug mode") >= 0 )
				responseText = responseText.substring(responseText.indexOf("\n\n")+2);
		} else if (responseText.charAt(0) != '0') 
			alert(responseText);
		if (responseText.charAt(0) != '0')
			status = null;
		callback(status,params,responseText,url,xhr);
	};
	// do httpUpload
	var boundary = "---------------------------"+"AaB03x";	
	var uploadFormName = "UploadPlugin";
	// compose headers data
	var sheader = "";
	sheader += "--" + boundary + "\r\nContent-disposition: form-data; name=\"";
	sheader += uploadFormName +"\"\r\n\r\n";
	sheader += "backupDir="+uploadParams[3] +
				";user=" + uploadParams[4] +
				";password=" + uploadParams[5] +
				";uploaddir=" + uploadParams[2];
	if (bidix.debugMode)
		sheader += ";debug=1";
	sheader += ";;\r\n"; 
	sheader += "\r\n" + "--" + boundary + "\r\n";
	sheader += "Content-disposition: form-data; name=\"userfile\"; filename=\""+uploadParams[1]+"\"\r\n";
	sheader += "Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8" + "\r\n";
	sheader += "Content-Length: " + data.length + "\r\n\r\n";
	// compose trailer data
	var strailer = new String();
	strailer = "\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n";
	data = sheader + data + strailer;
	if (bidix.debugMode) alert("about to execute Http - POST on "+uploadParams[0]+"\n with \n"+data.substr(0,500)+ " ... ");
	var r = doHttp("POST",uploadParams[0],data,"multipart/form-data; boundary="+boundary,uploadParams[4],uploadParams[5],localCallback,params,null);
	if (typeof r == "string")
		displayMessage(r);
	return r;
};

// same as Saving's updateOriginal but without convertUnicodeToUTF8 calls
bidix.upload.updateOriginal = function(original, posDiv)
{
	if (!posDiv)
		posDiv = locateStoreArea(original);
	if((posDiv[0] == -1) || (posDiv[1] == -1)) {
		alert(config.messages.invalidFileError.format([localPath]));
		return;
	}
	var revised = original.substr(0,posDiv[0] + startSaveArea.length) + "\n" +
				store.allTiddlersAsHtml() + "\n" +
				original.substr(posDiv[1]);
	var newSiteTitle = getPageTitle().htmlEncode();
	revised = revised.replaceChunk("<title"+">","</title"+">"," " + newSiteTitle + " ");
	revised = updateMarkupBlock(revised,"PRE-HEAD","MarkupPreHead");
	revised = updateMarkupBlock(revised,"POST-HEAD","MarkupPostHead");
	revised = updateMarkupBlock(revised,"PRE-BODY","MarkupPreBody");
	revised = updateMarkupBlock(revised,"POST-SCRIPT","MarkupPostBody");
	return revised;
};

//
// UploadLog
// 
// config.options.chkUploadLog :
//		false : no logging
//		true : logging
// config.options.txtUploadLogMaxLine :
//		-1 : no limit
//      0 :  no Log lines but UploadLog is still in place
//		n :  the last n lines are only kept
//		NaN : no limit (-1)

bidix.UploadLog = function() {
	if (!config.options.chkUploadLog) 
		return; // this.tiddler = null
	this.tiddler = store.getTiddler("UploadLog");
	if (!this.tiddler) {
		this.tiddler = new Tiddler();
		this.tiddler.title = "UploadLog";
		this.tiddler.text = "| !date | !user | !location | !storeUrl | !uploadDir | !toFilename | !backupdir | !origin |";
		this.tiddler.created = new Date();
		this.tiddler.modifier = config.options.txtUserName;
		this.tiddler.modified = new Date();
		store.addTiddler(this.tiddler);
	}
	return this;
};

bidix.UploadLog.prototype.addText = function(text) {
	if (!this.tiddler)
		return;
	// retrieve maxLine when we need it
	var maxLine = parseInt(config.options.txtUploadLogMaxLine,10);
	if (isNaN(maxLine))
		maxLine = -1;
	// add text
	if (maxLine != 0) 
		this.tiddler.text = this.tiddler.text + text;
	// Trunck to maxLine
	if (maxLine >= 0) {
		var textArray = this.tiddler.text.split('\n');
		if (textArray.length > maxLine + 1)
			textArray.splice(1,textArray.length-1-maxLine);
			this.tiddler.text = textArray.join('\n');		
	}
	// update tiddler fields
	this.tiddler.modifier = config.options.txtUserName;
	this.tiddler.modified = new Date();
	store.addTiddler(this.tiddler);
	// refresh and notifiy for immediate update
	story.refreshTiddler(this.tiddler.title);
	store.notify(this.tiddler.title, true);
};

bidix.UploadLog.prototype.startUpload = function(storeUrl, toFilename, uploadDir,  backupDir) {
	if (!this.tiddler)
		return;
	var now = new Date();
	var text = "\n| ";
	var filename = bidix.basename(document.location.toString());
	if (!filename) filename = '/';
	text += now.formatString("0DD/0MM/YYYY 0hh:0mm:0ss") +" | ";
	text += config.options.txtUserName + " | ";
	text += "[["+filename+"|"+location + "]] |";
	text += " [[" + bidix.basename(storeUrl) + "|" + storeUrl + "]] | ";
	text += uploadDir + " | ";
	text += "[[" + bidix.basename(toFilename) + " | " +toFilename + "]] | ";
	text += backupDir + " |";
	this.addText(text);
};

bidix.UploadLog.prototype.endUpload = function(status) {
	if (!this.tiddler)
		return;
	this.addText(" "+status+" |");
};

//
// Utilities
// 

bidix.checkPlugin = function(plugin, major, minor, revision) {
	var ext = version.extensions[plugin];
	if (!
		(ext  && 
			((ext.major > major) || 
			((ext.major == major) && (ext.minor > minor))  ||
			((ext.major == major) && (ext.minor == minor) && (ext.revision >= revision))))) {
			// write error in PluginManager
			if (pluginInfo)
				pluginInfo.log.push("Requires " + plugin + " " + major + "." + minor + "." + revision);
			eval(plugin); // generate an error : "Error: ReferenceError: xxxx is not defined"
	}
};

bidix.dirname = function(filePath) {
	if (!filePath) 
		return;
	var lastpos;
	if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("/")) != -1) {
		return filePath.substring(0, lastpos);
	} else {
		return filePath.substring(0, filePath.lastIndexOf("\\"));
	}
};

bidix.basename = function(filePath) {
	if (!filePath) 
		return;
	var lastpos;
	if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("#")) != -1) 
		filePath = filePath.substring(0, lastpos);
	if ((lastpos = filePath.lastIndexOf("/")) != -1) {
		return filePath.substring(lastpos + 1);
	} else
		return filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
};

bidix.initOption = function(name,value) {
	if (!config.options[name])
		config.options[name] = value;
};

//
// Initializations
//

// require PasswordOptionPlugin 1.0.1 or better
bidix.checkPlugin("PasswordOptionPlugin", 1, 0, 1);

// styleSheet
setStylesheet('.txtUploadStoreUrl, .txtUploadBackupDir, .txtUploadDir {width: 22em;}',"uploadPluginStyles");

//optionsDesc
merge(config.optionsDesc,{
	txtUploadStoreUrl: "Url of the UploadService script (default: store.php)",
	txtUploadFilename: "Filename of the uploaded file (default: in index.html)",
	txtUploadDir: "Relative Directory where to store the file (default: . (downloadService directory))",
	txtUploadBackupDir: "Relative Directory where to backup the file. If empty no backup. (default: ''(empty))",
	txtUploadUserName: "Upload Username",
	pasUploadPassword: "Upload Password",
	chkUploadLog: "do Logging in UploadLog (default: true)",
	txtUploadLogMaxLine: "Maximum of lines in UploadLog (default: 10)"
});

// Options Initializations
bidix.initOption('txtUploadStoreUrl','');
bidix.initOption('txtUploadFilename','');
bidix.initOption('txtUploadDir','');
bidix.initOption('txtUploadBackupDir','');
bidix.initOption('txtUploadUserName','');
bidix.initOption('pasUploadPassword','');
bidix.initOption('chkUploadLog',true);
bidix.initOption('txtUploadLogMaxLine','10');


/* don't want this for tiddlyspot sites

// Backstage
merge(config.tasks,{
	uploadOptions: {text: "upload", tooltip: "Change UploadOptions and Upload", content: '<<uploadOptions>>'}
});
config.backstageTasks.push("uploadOptions");

*/


//}}}
!!Old English Was Really Different Than Modern English
All the prepositions changed!!

!!!OE preposition meant Modern preposition
*aet //meant// in
*of  //meant// from/out of
*on  //meant// in
*to //meant// at
*toward //meant// in front of
*fram //meant// of
*for  //meant// to
see also: [[swords]], [[women]]

*[[Swordmaiden.com|http://swordmaiden.com/]]
website for women fighters in the SCA
*
*[[Archery 101|http://members.aol.com/tbyrnes883/armonye/archery101.html]]
*[[Longbow Archers|http://www.longbow-archers.com/]]
*[[pee standing for women|http://myvag.net/pee/standing/]]
Other names for herbalists:

*herb-wife
*herb-woman
*herb-man
*herborist
*herbist
*herbarist
*herbarian
*herbary

I may need to change the name of this book to The Herbarian's Apprentice!

Excellent essay: [[beyond the herbwife|http://www.gallowglass.org/jadwiga/herbs/Beyond_herbwife.html]] discusses the role of the herbwife in fantasy literature, the possibility of accusations of witchcraft on herbwives (//Malleus Maleficarum// is pretty lenient in regards to herbwives, because their power comes from a known and natural source, unlike witches' unseen source of the devil)....  
[[Index of Projects]]
!!Specific Herbs
*betony
[[betony on wikipedia|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stachys]]
The most ridiculous, redunderful sentence:
"The whole plant is medicinal as alterative, antibacterial, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, hypotensive, stomachic, styptic, tonic, vermifuge and vulnerary."
In turn: promotes general good health, kills bacteria, reduces fever, prevents infection (through killing germs), relieves spasms, constricts tissues and stops blood flow, induces the expulsion of gas from intestines, induces peeing, reduces fever (again), reduces blood pressure, stimulates digestion, stops blood flow (almost the same as astringent), refreshes, kills worms, and heals wounds.

!stillroom:

OED sez: 1. "Originally, a room in a house in which a still was kept for the distillation of perfumes and cordials."   (Later ameliorated/changed to a place where cakes/tea prepped.  A pantry of sorts.)

Dates from 1710, earliest: " C. FIENNES Diary (1888) 299 On one side is a building, a summer parlour for a still room."  Hyphenated form by 1810.

Of interest: "1858 THACKERAY Virgin. xlv, A hundred years ago, every lady in the country had her still-room, and her medicine-chest, her pills, powders, potions, for all the village round."

!!still

apparatus for distillation...  contains an enclosed thingie for the evaporation, for which older terms: almebic, retort.  Modern: boiler.

OED sez: "1562 W. BULLEIN Bulwarke, Bk. Simples (1579) 85b, A horned Still. Bagpipe Still... Pelican Still. 1563 T. GALE Antidot. II. 87 Then styll them in a common styll, and keepe thys water to your vse. 1577 B. GOOGE Heresbach's Husb. IV. 193 Yf you do it in Stils made of Glasse,..your water shal haue the very taste, sauour, and propertie of the hearbe. 1579 LYLY Euphues (Arb.) 91 Not unlike to the damaske Rose, which is sweeter in the Still then on the stalke. 1655 CULPEPPER etc. Riverius I. i. 8 Put them in a Retort, or Still so called. 1731 ARBUTHNOT Aliments iii. (1735) 68 This fragrant Spirit is obtain'd from all Plants which are in the least aromatick, by a cold Still..

!!!alembic: 

OED sez: [a. Fr. alambic, ad. (ultimately) Arab. al-anb{imac}q, i.e. al the + anb{imac}q a still; ad. Gr. {alenisacu}{mu}{beta}{gimac}{kappa}-, {alenisacu}{mu}{beta}{iota}{xi} a cup, beaker, the cap of a still. Aphetized as early as 15th c. to lembick, LIMBECK, and the full form scarcely appears again till the 17th.] 

    1. An apparatus formerly used in distilling, consisting of a cucurbit or gourd-shaped vessel containing the substance to be distilled, surmounted by the head or cap, or alembic proper, the beak of which conveyed the vaporous products to a receiver, in which they were condensed. It is now superseded by the retort and worm still.

c1374 CHAUCER Troylus IV. 520 This Troylus in teres gan distille, As licour out of alambic, fulle fast. c1386 {emem} Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 241 Concurbites, and alembikes eeke [v.r. Alambike, alembyke, alembeke.] 1563 T. GALE Antidot. II. 33 Destill them in a glasse alembike accordyng to arte. 1612 WOODALL Surgeon's M. Wks. 1653, 212 Fill your Alimbeck but two third parts of Copperas. 1678 R. R[USSELL] Geber II. I. IV. xiii. 118 The Alembeck and its Cucurbit must be both of Glass. 1725 BRADLEY Fam. Dict. s.v. Earth, Chymists by their Alembick shew us plainly what this Salt is. 1800 HENRY Epit. Chem. (1808) 91 An alembic of pure silver, furnished with a glass head. 1851 LONGFELLOW Gold. Leg. I. 28 In alembics finely wrought, Distilling herbs and flowers."

!!!retort

OED: "[a. F. retorte (= It., Sp., Pg. retorta), ad. med.L. retorta, fem. of L. retortus, pa. pple. of retorqu{emac}re: see RETORT v.1] 

    1. A vessel generally made of glass, but occasionally of metal or earthenware, and provided with a long neck, bent downwards, in which liquids, etc., subjected to distillation are heated.
[1558 WARDE tr. Alexis' Secr. (1568) 9b, A crooke necked violle..which the french cal Retorte. a1608 DEE Relat. Spir. II. (1659) 12 The Still where he had the Spirit of Wine distilling over out of a Retorto.]
1605 TIMME Quersit. I. v. 21 Those saltes, being put into a retort,..stilleth forth a volatile salt. 1651 FRENCH Distill. i. 35 Let it be put into a Retort, and distilled in sand. 1712 tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 164 The black Oil of Tartar by the Retort is admirable for the Cure of Scabs. 1796 E. HAMILTON Lett. Hindoo Rajah (1811) II. 107 My friend had forgotten the necessary management of a retort, which, for want of his attention, burst in pieces. 1812 SIR H. DAVY Chem. Philos. 227 The bottom of the retort is then gently heated by means of a lamp, and the extremity of its neck introduced under an inverted cylinder filled with water. 1871 B. STEWART Heat (ed. 2) §140 The vapour is condensed as fast as it is formed, and trickles back into the retort.
fig. 1874 SAYCE Compar. Philol. vi. 217 We must throw our words into the retort of the comparative method.

    2. A vessel in which mercury is separated from amalgam or impurity by volatilization.
  Several forms are now employed for this purpose. In early use perh. not distinct from sense 1.
1683 PETTUS Fleta Min. I. 314 Put it [quicksilver ore] into a Retort or other..Instrument. 1727-38 CHAMBERS Cycl. s.v. Mercury, Compounded of crude mercury driven over from sea-salt in a retort. 1839 URE Dict. Arts 805 Large retorts, styled cucurbits, of cast iron, in which the ore of mercury is subjected to distillation. 1873 SPON Workshop Rec. Ser. I. 222/1 The amalgams.. are then distilled in cast-iron retorts of a peculiar shape. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 191/1 The soft cake of amalgam is transferred to a retort, to have the mercury distilled out of it.

    3. A clay or iron receptacle, forming a cylinder or segment of one, in which coal is heated for the production of gas.
1808 Phil. Trans. XCVIII. 127 About one-third of the above quantity..is required for fuel to heat the retorts. 1839 URE Dict. Arts 548 As soon as gas begins to be disengaged from the ignited retort. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educ. II. 95/2 The first portion of the process..is to submit coal to the action of heat in an air-tight vessel, commonly called a ‘retort’.

    4. A furnace in which iron is heated with carbon, in order to produce steel.
1868 JOYNSON Metals 76 By introducing bars of wrought-iron along with carbon into retorts. 1884 W. H. GREENWOOD Steel & Iron 227 For the purpose of cooling the reduced metal, the retorts were made slightly larger at the lower than at the upper end.

    5. attrib., as retort bench, cap, -end, -flask, furnace, glass, -house, -neck, etc.; retort carbon, carbon which remains as a residue in the retort when the gas has been extracted from coal.
1688 HOLME Armoury III. xi. 424/1 He beareth Sable, a Stillers Retort, or a Retort Glass, Argent. 1827 FARADAY Chem. Manip. xv. 359 Retort caps are cylinders of thin brass plate. 1839 Mechanic's Mag. XXXI. 7/2 The pipes leading from the retort-house to the reservoirs. 1841 Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. IV. 100/2 Each retort-house contains one stack and four sections of retort benches. 1863 TYNDALL Heat viii. §297 (1870) 229 Attach to each end..a piece of retort carbon. 1879 Encycl. Brit. X. 91/2 Retort furnaces are commonly fired or heated with a portion of the coke which forms one of the bye-products of the gas manufacture. 1881 TYNDALL Ess. on Floating Matter of Air 143 Experiments with pipette-bulbs and retort-flasks. 1958 A. D. MERRIMAN Dict. Metallurgy 287/1 Retort furnace, a metallurgical furnace consisting of a fire-chamber, and frequently regenerative chambers, in which the retorts are placed for containing the materials for treatment. Ibid., Cast-iron retorts are sometimes used in the retort furnace for treatment of mercury ores."